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The hepatopulmonary syndrome is characterized by defects in oxygenation due to pulmonary abnormalities associated with chronic liver disease. Dyspnea and hypoxemia can be severe and often worsen in the upright position. Gross dilatation of the precapillary and capillary vessels occurs with ventilation–perfusion mismatch. The syndrome usually improves after liver transplantation.
Rodríguez-Roisin et al. (2008) studied this question.