In the context of the rapid iteration of information technology, the Internet of Things (IoT) has established itself as a pivotal hub connecting the digital world and the physical world. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), deeply embedded in the perception layer architecture of the IoT, play a crucial role as “tactile nerve endings.” A vast number of micro sensor nodes are widely distributed in monitoring areas according to preset deployment strategies, continuously and accurately perceiving and collecting real-time data on environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, light intensity, air pressure, and pollutant concentration. These data are transmitted to the IoT cloud platform through stable and reliable communication links, forming a massive and detailed basic data resource pool. By using cutting-edge big data processing algorithms, machine learning models, and artificial intelligence analysis tools, in-depth mining and intelligent analysis of these multi-source heterogeneous data are conducted to generate high-value-added decision-making bases. This precisely empowers multiple fields, including agriculture, medical and health care, smart home, environmental science, and industrial manufacturing, driving intelligent transformation and catalyzing society to move towards a new stage of high-quality development. This paper comprehensively analyzes the technical cores of the IoT and WSNs, systematically sorts out the advanced key technologies of WSNs and the evolution of their strategic significance in the IoT system, deeply explores the innovative application scenarios and practical effects of the two in specific vertical fields, and looks forward to the technological evolution trends. It provides a detailed and highly practical guiding reference for researchers, technical engineers, and industrial decision-makers.
Lv et al. (Thu,) studied this question.