August 7, 2025Open Access

Phenomenology, Comorbid Anxiety and Depression, and Disability in Patients with Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: A Cross-sectional Study from Western Rajasthan

Puntos clave

Obsessive-compulsive disorder shows varying presentations with significant disability among patients in western Rajasthan.
Contamination obsessions and cleaning compulsions are the most prevalent symptoms, impacting daily functioning.
Mean ages of participants were around 32 years, with a mean illness duration of over 5 years.
Significant positive correlations exist between OCD severity and both anxiety and disability levels, indicating the need for integrated treatment.

Resumen

Abstract Background: Obsessive–Compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with varying presentations and significant disability in various domains. Aim and Objective: This study aims to evaluate the phenomenology, comorbid anxiety and depression, and associated disability in patients with OCD in western Rajasthan, and to determine the relationship between OCD symptom severity with comorbid anxiety, depression, and disability. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 65 OCD patients diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases criteria. Participants were assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive–Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D), and Indian Disability Evaluation and Assessment Scale (IDEAS). Results: The mean age was 32.03 ± 9.54 years, with a mean illness duration of 5.06 ± 4.31 years. Contamination obsessions (53.85%) and cleaning/washing compulsions (52.31%) were the most prevalent. Y-BOCS scores indicated mild severity in 53.85 patients, moderate (33.85%), and severe (10.76%). On HAM-A (73.85%) scored in the mild category and (26.15%) in the moderate category. HAM-D scores showed (70.77%) with minimal or no depression. IDEAS revealed that (67.70%) showed moderate disability, primarily affecting work. The severity of OCD positively correlated with anxiety ( r = 0.681, P < 0.05) and disability ( r = 0.380, P < 0.05). Conclusion: This study highlights the unique presentation and effects of OCD in western Rajasthan, which is characterized by a higher rate of contamination-related symptoms, significant comorbid anxiety, and substantial interference with work-related functioning. These findings emphasize the need for culturally sensitive assessment and integrated treatment approaches for managing OCD in this population.

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