Research task. To outline the philosophical contours of trans- and posthumanism in the context of their differences concerning the evolutionary concept of “Human 2.0.” Main material presentation. The interpretation of transhumanism and posthumanism in the context of forming the “Human 2.0” model reveals conceptual multidirectionality and semantic tension between these approaches. Within philosophical discourse, they often appear as thesis and antithesis, debating the ontological and value status of the human in the age of technological acceleration. In certain analytical paradigms, trans- and posthumanism are viewed as complementary models of human evolution that transcend traditional anthropology. At the same time, other interpretations highlight an essential opposition between them: transhumanism functions as a techno-optimistic ideal of the enhanced human of the future, focusing on maximizing cognitive, physical, and moral capacities through bioengineering interventions; posthumanism, by contrast, represents a critical deconstruction of anthropocentrism, challenging the idea of the human as the sole bearer of reason, agency, and value. Conclusions. The reconceptualization of human existence within trans- and posthumanist paradigms opens new horizons for understanding the phenomenon of “Human 2.0” as a project of radical anthropotransformation. This project balances between the axiological imperative to preserve humanistic foundations (dignity, autonomy, moral responsibility) and the techno-optimistic vision of human enhancement through bio-, neuro-, and digital technologies. This creates a methodological basis for the development of trans- and posthumanist concepts capable of encompassing the complexity of changes occurring at the intersection of the humanities, technogenesis, bioengineering, global thinking, and interdisciplinarity.
Olga Kyvliuk (Mon,) studied this question.