The visually impaired community lacks affordable access to digital content through tactile interfaces. Commercial refreshable Braille displays are prohibitively expensive due to complex components such as piezoelectric actuators. This paper presents the design and development of a lowcost, user-friendly refreshable Braille display using electromagnetic actuators. We use microcontrollers, solenoid-based dot actuation, and open-source Braille translation libraries to achieve real-time text-toBraille conversion. The proposed model reduces cost, improves accessibility, and offers potential for scalability and portability.
A Thu, study studied this question.