The fashion industry has undergone a profound transformation over the past two centuries, evolving from aristocratic guild-dominated craftsmanship to a globalized market driven by innovation, marketing, and sustainability. From the establishment of Haute Couture in the mid19th century to the dominance of global fashion conglomerates, the industry has reflected shifts in consumer demand, market dynamics, and branding strategies. This study examines the evolution of the fashion sector, with a focus on the financial performance of major global brands from the luxury, premium, and fast fashion segments. The data reveal significant shifts in market dynamics, highlighting the increasing dominance of luxury fashion houses. While fast fashion brands previously thrived on affordability and accessibility, their reliance on overproduction and lowerquality materials has raised concerns about sustainability. Beyond financial trends, this study explores the role of emerging technologies in sustainability-driven business strategies. The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI), blockchain, and 3D printing is reshaping the fashion industry by enhancing transparency, improving the traceability of the supply chain, and reducing material waste. As sustainability becomes imperative for both environmental and economic reasons, these innovations offer pathways for fashion brands to align with global initiatives such as the UN 2030 Agenda and the EU Green Deal. By integrating historical analysis with insights into financial shifts and technological advancements, this research highlights how the fashion industry must adapt to remain competitive while embracing sustainability.
Alexandrina Eulampia Capatina (Fri,) studied this question.