wl-7724-Evolving Strategies in India’s Technological Self-reliance - Patent Policies, R and D Incentives, and Human Resource Development

India's pursuit of technological self-reliance has been a consistent thread woven into its growth narrative from the inception of five-year plans. This study delves into the evolution of India's approach to technological self-sufficiency by scrutinizing three pivotal components of its technology and innovation policy: (i) patent policy, (ii) R&D tax incentive policy, and (iii) the policy's impact on the supply of human resources for science and technology. In the early years, the nation sought to establish a robust foundation for the indigenous development of industrial and critical technologies across diverse sectors like agriculture, defence, and space. This involved the creation of public research institutions, fostering in-house R&D initiatives in the corporate sector, and establishing public sector enterprises in key industries. While these efforts were initially complemented by regulated technology transfers from abroad, the dynamics have shifted over time.