A Review on Urban Green Space Ecological and Socioeconomic Benefits: A Comprehensive Analysis

Urban green spaces, such as parks, gardens, urban forests, and green corridors, are essential for improving the liveability and ecological integrity of contemporary cities. This review study summarises interdisciplinary perspectives on the health, social, economic, and ecological advantages of UGS, particularly in light of increasingly urbanising areas like India. The challenges of UGS in India is poor infrastructure, public participation is insufficient, not spray insecticides for controlling insect-pest and timing issue for females. UGS contribute to urban biodiversity conservation, microclimate regulation, and carbon sequestration, making them effective tools for mitigating urban heat island effects and climate change impacts. Green patches, regardless of their size, are found to harbour significant biodiversity, challenging the traditional preference for larger conserved areas. In terms of social interaction, UGS are vital hubs for civic involvement, inclusiveness, and cultural fusion. The economic benefits of being close to well-kept green areas include increased property prices, boosted local business, and job creation in the field of green infrastructure management. Furthermore, UGS are integral to urban public health strategies, encouraging physical activity, reducing mental stress, and enhancing emotional well-being through exposure to natural stimuli such as soundscapes and vegetation. However, obstacles to the adoption and upkeep of UGS include a lack of available land, financial constraints, and unequal distribution across socioeconomic classes. The paper calls for integrated urban planning approaches that prioritize equitable access to green spaces and recognize their multifunctional roles in sustainable urban development. The focus is on long-term investment, inclusive policy frameworks, and participatory planning to maximise UGS's advantages.