Enhancing conflict resolution in the greater horn of Africa: the role of multicultural education and global citizenship

Purpose This systematic review aims to synthesize existing literature to assess the roles of multicultural education and global citizenship education in enhancing social cohesion and conflict resolution within the Greater Horn of Africa. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review was conducted, examining studies focusing on the implementation and impact of multicultural education and global citizenship education initiatives in the Greater Horn of Africa. Findings The review reveals evidence suggesting that multicultural education fosters environments of respect and inclusivity, while global citizenship education cultivates awareness of local and global issues impacting peace dynamics. However, inadequate leadership, socio-economic inequalities and geopolitical influences significantly impede effective implementation. Research limitations/implications Current research lacks coherent educational frameworks and culturally responsive curricula tailored to the lived realities and historical contexts of Greater Horn of Africa communities. Further research is needed to explore localized governance systems and the integration of traditional conflict resolution mechanisms into educational curricula. Practical implications The findings highlight the need for tailored educational interventions that address the specific challenges and opportunities within the Greater Horn of Africa. Policymakers and educators should prioritize the development of culturally relevant curricula and invest in teacher training to effectively implement these educational approaches. Social implications By promoting intercultural respect, critical thinking and cooperative engagement, multicultural education and global citizenship education can contribute to building more resilient, understanding and peaceful communities within the Greater Horn of Africa, reducing the potential for conflict. Originality/value This review contributes to the understanding of the potential of multicultural education and global citizenship education in a complex conflict environment. It identifies critical research gaps and offers recommendations for future research and practice to improve the effectiveness of these educational strategies in fostering sustainable peace.