Abstract Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state joining process that is widely used in the manufacturing industry. It is a technique that involves the use of a rotating tool to join two metal pieces together without melting. To form a strong bond without melting, the procedure entails the softened material by creating friction. This friction generates the heat between the two workpieces and mechanical mixing of liquid state materials takes place to join the metal pieces. The main advantages of FSW are eco-friendliness and capacity to create excellent welds with little distortion. Because of its versatility and ability to weld a wide range of materials, FSW is used extensively in the automotive, aerospace, and shipbuilding industries. A key factor in the welding process is the tool design namely the pin and shoulder. Different pin configurations such as cylindrical, conical, tapered, threaded, etc. are being used in FSW to improve material flow and lessen welding forces. Furthermore, the versatility and effectiveness of FSW in creating high-quality joints and demonstrated by its ability to weld a variety of alloys and composites such as copper, titanium, aluminium and composites. FSW is an essential technique in contemporary manufacturing since recent developments and research concentrate on optimisation of process parameters and tool design to further improve joint strength and quality. FSW is used not only for alloys, but it is also used for joining metal matrix composites (MMC).
Subhash et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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