Short- and long-term efficacy of olaparib combined with chemotherapy in advanced triple-negative breast cancer

To evaluate the short- and long-term efficacy of olaparib combined with chemotherapy as adjuvant therapy in patients with advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This retrospective cohort study included 274 patients with advanced TNBC, divided into an observation group (olaparib + chemotherapy, n = 116) and a control group (chemotherapy alone, n = 158). Primary outcome measures included Objective Response Rate (ORR), Disease Control Rate (DCR), immune function indicators (CD3+, CD4+/CD8+ ratio, Natural Killer T cells), cytokine levels (Interferon-gamma, Interleukin-2, Interleukin-6), tumor markers Carcinoembryonic Antigen, Carbohydrate Antigen 153, Human Epididymis Protein 4, Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS), Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), and adverse event incidence. The observation group showed significantly higher ORR and DCR (both P < 0.05) than the control group. Immune function and cytokine levels improved significantly in the observation group (both P < 0.05). In contrast, IL-6 levels increased significantly in the control group (P < 0.05). Tumor marker levels were lower in the observation group (all P < 0.001). KPS scores were significantly higher in the observation group at 1, 3, and 6 months post-treatment (all P < 0.05). The observation group exhibited prolonged PFS and OS (both P < 0.05). Olaparib combined with chemotherapy enhances short- and long-term efficacy, improves immune function, and prolongs survival in advanced TNBC without increasing treatment-related toxicity, supporting its clinical utility.