Abstract Drought exerts a substantial adverse impact to global rice production, underscore the urgent call for sustainable measures to improve crop endurance. Endophytic microbes, colonizing rice plant tissues asymptomatically, have emerged as promising allies in this effort. This review comprehensively examines the significance of endophytic microbes in strengthening rice adaptation to drought stress. Beginning with an overview of the threats posed by drought and the importance of sustainable agricultural practices, this review studies the composition and practical roles of endophytic microorganisms inhabiting rice plants. The mechanisms underlying endophyte-mediated enhancement, including hormone regulation, osmolyte accumulation, antioxidant production, and modulation of gene expression, are discussed in detail. The interactions between endophytes and rice, as well as the biological responses of rice to endophyte inoculation under drought conditions, are explored. This review emphasizes the potential of microbial endophytes as an eco-friendly and innovative strategy to enhance drought tolerance in rice. The insights presented herein are intended to guide researchers, policymakers, and agricultural practitioners in developing climate-resilient rice production systems, enhancing global food availability in the context of a changing climate.
Nurrahma et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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