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September 10, 2025

Management of Sepsis Patients Due to Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Intensive Care Unit

Puntos clave

Timely administration of antibiotics led to significant recovery in the reported case.
Adherence to SSC and IDSA guidelines was crucial for effective sepsis management in the ICU.
Multidisciplinary approach, including early intervention, was key in improving patient outcomes.
Continuous monitoring and timely fluid resuscitation played a significant role in managing hypotension.

Resumen

Introduction: Sepsis, a life-threatening response to infection, remains a critical global health issue, often triggered by community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in vulnerable populations such as the elderly. This condition frequently requires intensive care unit (ICU) admission, necessitating adherence to evidence-based guidelines like the 2021 Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) recommendations. This case report highlights the application of these protocols in managing a complex sepsis case, emphasizing the role of early intervention and multidisciplinary care in improving outcomes. Case Description: A 67-year-old male, Mr. U, presented with a 3-day history of dyspnea and 1-day history of altered consciousness. Initial assessment revealed respiratory distress (respiratory rate 32/min, oxygen saturation 88% on room air, Glasgow Coma Scale 10), with chest radiography confirming CAP. Laboratory results showed a lactate level of 4.2 mmol/L and leukocytosis (18,000/mm³), indicating sepsis. In the ICU, the patient received oxygen therapy, followed by intubation due to worsening respiratory failure. Blood cultures were obtained, and empirical antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam and levofloxacin) were initiated within 1 hour per SSC guidelines. Fluid resuscitation (30 mL/kg crystalloids) and norepinephrine were administered for persistent hypotension. Bronchoscopy revealed purulent secretions, aiding diagnosis and management. After 5 days of ventilatory support and adjusted antibiotics, the patient stabilized and was transferred to a general ward. Conclusion: This case illustrates successful sepsis management due to CAP using SSC 2021 and IDSA guidelines. The integration of early antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, vasopressors, ventilation, and bronchoscopy underscores the efficacy of a multidisciplinary approach. Timely intervention in the ICU significantly improved survival and recovery, highlighting the need for further research to optimize protocols for such critical cases.

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