Integration of arduino UNO in physics experiments: developing experiments and analyzing teacher competency

The purposes of this research are to develop Arduino Uno-based physics experiments, and to analyze the skills of prospective science teachers in using them. This research is a descriptive study consisting of four stages: (1) design, (2) production, (3) evaluation, and (4) implementation. The research data were obtained using questionnaires for tool validation, practicum guidelines, and observation sheets to assess science teachers' skills in conducting Arduino-based science experiments. The questionnaire and observation data were analyzed descriptively. The research results show that: (1) the average validation results for the tools, practicum guidelines, and observation sheets were 0.62, 0.84, and 0.83, categorized as "moderate," "very valid," and "extremely valid," respectively, indicating that the developed Arduino-based physics experiment instruments are feasible for use and (2) the students' average practical skills score was 2.76, categorized as "medium," with the lowest achievement in the "troubleshooting" aspect. Although there are challenges in learning with Arduino Uno, there is still a significant opportunity for it to become a valuable alternative as technology continues to rapidly develop.