Maritime logistics plays a crucial role in global trade, with port terminal efficiency being a critical factor in supply chain performance. While extensive research has addressed container terminal optimization, studies focusing on non-containerized cargo terminals in developing countries remain limited. This study examines the operational efficiency of international cargo handling at Jamrud Terminal, Tanjung Perak Port, Indonesia's second-largest port. Using a quantitative approach, we analyze stevedoring activities, Berth Occupancy Ratio (BOR), and loading-unloading performance through time series decomposition forecasting. Our 2024 forecasting results reveal that general cargo and dry bulk cargo handling performance falls below international standards, with a concerning BOR level of 85%. The study proposes optimization scenarios focusing on operational restructuring and facility enhancement, contributing to the broader literature on non-containerized terminal optimization in emerging economies. Our findings provide practical implications for port authorities and terminal operators in similar contexts, particularly in addressing the challenges of increasing cargo volumes while maintaining operational efficiency.
Soimun et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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