Part II of this review examines the current state and forthcoming obstacles of the pyrolysis process in addition to the diverse array of pyrolysis byproducts. Based on this research, it can be inferred that the characteristics of pyrolysis products are influenced by the diversity of materials utilised. Furthermore, pyrolysis products, such as bio-oil, have the potential to make a lucrative contribution to the expanding economy. To overcome future problems, further exploration is ultimately necessary. The primary factors of significance in pyrolysis technology are government subsidies and scientific advancements. The discussion emphasises the significant barriers posed by the energy efficiency and capital costs involved in converting biomass and residual wastes into aviation fuels, hindering widespread adoption. To meet the aviation industry’s greenhouse gas reduction targets by 2050, there is a pressing need for further advancements in technology development, highlighting the critical role of advanced technologies in overcoming these barriers.
Rony et al. (2025) studied this question.