Beekeeping in India is integral to agriculture, biodiversity, and the economy, providing vital pollination services that enhance crop yields and ecosystem health. This review discusses the current status of beekeeping and honey production in India, highlighting the role of honeybees in pollination and ecosystem services. It covers the historical evolution of beekeeping and regional practices across India’s diverse agro-climatic zones, from the Himalayan region to the southern states. The review contrasts traditional and modern beekeeping methods and examines beekeeping as a livelihood for small and marginal farmers. Honey production in India is also explored, focusing on major honey-producing states, types of honey, and the certification process, along with the export potential and challenges such as adulteration and antibiotic residues. Despite its significance, the sector faces challenges including declining bee populations, the impact of pesticides, habitat loss, and poor adoption of scientific practices. Pests and diseases such as Varroa mites and Nosema further threaten honeybee colonies. Government initiatives like the National Beekeeping & Honey Mission and the role of KVIC in promoting beekeeping are key to supporting the industry. Technological innovations, including the use of IoT, AI, and mobile apps, are revolutionizing hive management and beekeeper training. The review also outlines future research priorities, including the development of climate-resilient bee strains and conservation of native honeybee populations. Policy support and technological advancements are critical for enhancing India’s beekeeping sector and improving its sustainability and productivity.
Manoj et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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