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September 12, 2025Open Access

Abductive Inference in Retrieval‑Augmented Language Models: Generating and Validating Missing Premises

Puntos clave

The proposed framework integrates abductive inference to generate plausible missing premises, improving reasoning accuracy.
Experimental results show enhanced performance on multi-hop QA benchmarks, suggesting the value of abductive inference.
The method improves both answer accuracy and reasoning faithfulness, addressing gaps in existing retrieval-augmented models.
This work indicates a promising direction for making retrieval-augmented generation systems more robust and explainable.

Resumen

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval---commonly referred to as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG)---have demonstrated strong performance in knowledge-intensive tasks. However, RAG pipelines often fail when retrieved evidence is incomplete, leaving gaps in the reasoning process. In such cases, the process of generating plausible missing premises to explain observations---offers a principled approach to bridge these gaps. In this paper, we propose a framework that integrates abductive inference into retrieval-augmented LLMs. Our method detects insufficient evidence, generates candidate missing premises, and validates them through consistency and plausibility checks. Experimental results on abductive reasoning and multi-hop QA benchmarks show that our approach improves both answer accuracy and reasoning faithfulness. This work highlights abductive inference as a promising direction for enhancing the robustness and explainability of RAG systems.

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