What type of study is this?

This is a Literature Review study.

September 18, 2025

Joseph Kara’s Torah commentaries: towards a reconstruction

Puntos clave

The analysis identifies 15 passages from Hezekiah ben Manoah’s Torah commentary as linked to Joseph Kara.
Key identifying features rooted in Kara's literary principle of anticipation support this connection.
The study finds unique linguistic usages that are exclusive to Kara, bolstering claims about his lost commentary.
These findings establish a foundation for future studies exploring additional aspects of Kara's work.

Resumen

This article presents 15 passages from Hezekiah ben Manoah’s Commentary on the Torah, arguing that they can be sourced to Joseph Kara’s lost commentary on the Torah. The identification of their origin in Kara is based on their invocation of a literary principle common in Kara’s commentary, the principle of anticipation, and on usages that are unique to Kara: ךדמלו םדק,רמול דיתעש יפל and המתת אלש. These glosses do not appear in extant northern French commentaries such as those of Rashbam, Joseph Bekhor Shor and others, leading to the conclusion that their source was Kara’s lost commentary. The article’s findings may serve as a basis for a broader study that will examine other literary principles and unique linguistic forms found in Kara, using them to identify additional sections of his lost commentary.

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