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This is a Literature Review study.

September 19, 2025

Emerging Health Risks of Pharmaceutical Pollutants in Water Sources: Public Health Perspectives and Policy Recommendations

Puntos clave

Pharmaceutical pollutants pose significant health risks, affecting both humans and animals through different exposure pathways.
These contaminants arise from drug use and improper disposal, raising serious environmental integrity concerns in water sources.
Current monitoring and regulatory systems are inadequate, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, necessitating urgent improvements.
Implementing enhanced surveillance and integrated waste management can help mitigate the threats posed by pharmaceutical pollutants.

Resumen

Pharmaceutical pollutants are increasingly being detected in natural water sources, raising serious concerns for both environmental integrity and public health. These contaminants originate from human and veterinary drug use, improper disposal, and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Their persistence in the environment and ability to exert biological effects at low concentrations make them pollutants of emerging concern. This review explores the pathways of pharmaceutical pollutants into aquatic ecosystems, their environmental behavior, and the acute and chronic health risks they pose to both humans and animals. It highlights the gaps in current monitoring and regulatory systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries, and emphasizes the urgency of integrated waste management, enhanced surveillance, and public awareness. The review concludes with practical policy recommendations to mitigate these threats and promote a sustainable interface between medicine and environmental health.

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