Perception of Medical Undergraduates on Artificial Intelligence in Medical Education: Qualitative Exploration

Abstract Background Artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized medical education by delivering tools that enhance and optimize learning. However, there is limited research on the medical students’ perceptions regarding the effectiveness of AI as a learning tool, particularly in Sri Lanka. Objective The study aimed to explore students’ perceived barriers and limitations to using AI for learning as well as their expectations in terms of future use of AI in medical education. Methods An exploratory qualitative study was conducted in September 2024, involving focus group discussions with medical students from two major universities in Sri Lanka. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to identify key themes and subthemes emerging from the discussions. Results Thirty-eight medical students participated in 5 focus group discussions. The majority of the participants were Sinhalese female students. The perceived benefits included saving time and effort and collecting and summarizing information. However, concerns and limitations centered around inaccuracies of information provided and the negative impacts on critical thinking, social interactions (peer and student teacher), and long-term retention of knowledge. Students were confused about contradictory messages received from educators regarding the use of AI for teaching and learning. However, participants showed an enthusiasm for learning more about the ethical use of AI to enhance learning and indicated that basic AI knowledge should be taught in their undergraduate program. Conclusions Participants recognized several benefits of AI-assisted learning but also expressed concerns and limitations requiring further studies for effective integration of AI into medical education. They expressed openness and enthusiasm for using AI while demonstrating confusion and reluctance due to the perspectives and stance of educators. We recommend educating both the educators and learners on the ethical use of AI, enabling a formal integration of AI tools into medical curricula.