The main objective of this paper is to review the Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects of powertrain and battery technologies. The desire for environmentally friendly transportation options as well as developments in battery and powertrain technologies have fueled the explosive rise of electric cars (EVs). The most recent advancements in electric motors, power electronics, and drivetrain efficiency are examined in this study of EV powertrains. It also looks at new developments in battery technology, including solid-state batteries, lithium-ion batteries with high energy densities, and other energy storage devices. In order to enable safer and more energy-dense solid-state lithium batteries, solid-state electrolytes such as sulfide-based and oxide-based substances like lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide (LLZO) are attracting increased interest. Since silicon has a far larger theoretical capacity than graphite, it is being investigated as a potential anode substitute; nevertheless, volume expansion and other problems must be resolved for practical application. Even if energy efficiency, range, and charging speed have significantly improved, issues including resource sustainability, battery deterioration, and thermal management continue to be major obstacles to general use. Emerging trends including battery recycling, fast-charging options, and the use of AI to optimize powertrains are also included in the review. Lastly, the prospects for EV technology in the future are discussed, emphasizing the possibilities for smart grid integration, innovative energy storage techniques, and next-generation materials. To create an EV ecosystem that is more economical, ecologically friendly, and efficient, these issues must be resolved.
Uddin et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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