The study investigated energy consumption and economic growth in Nigeria using time series data for the period of 1986 to 2024. Energy consumption was measured by PMS consumption, electricity consumption, coal consumption, and labour consumption, while economic growth was measured by GDP per capita. The study used the Error Correction Model (ECM) to achieve its objectives. The Johansen cointegration test showed that there was no long-run relationship between the components of energy consumption and economic growth in Nigeria. In the short run, it was observed that while PMS consumption and electricity consumption had an insignificant effect on GDP per capita, coal consumption and labour consumption were significant to GDP per capita growth. The study therefore recommended that the government should make adequate provision to enhance electricity consumption towards boosting economic growth in the Nigerian economy. This could be achieved if the federal government improves on energy generation, energy transmission, and energy distribution to boost its consumption among economic agents such as households, firms, markets, and the government itself.
Ugwu et al. (2025) studied this question.