Aviation is a highly energy-intensive sector, making it the second-biggest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the transportation sector, with road transport leading the way. Emissions continue to rise despite advancements in aircraft efficiency over the past six decades due to the increasing demand for air travel. Reviewing the reduction of carbon emissions in aviation is essential to protect the environment, drive innovation and secure a sustainable future in aviation. Stakeholders responsible for reducing carbon emissions are primarily found in the industrial sector. The challenges and opportunities related to reducing carbon emissions in aviation are investigated with a focus on Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF), advancements in fuel-efficient aircraft, and improvements in air traffic management. Studies have shown that using SAF, derived from renewable resources such as waste oils, algae, and municipal waste, can reduce lifecycle carbon emissions by up to 80% compared to conventional jet fuel. The use of SAF is limited due to cost and the difficulty in producing it. In addition, the use of electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft is highlighted, as it can revolutionise the industry by offering zero-emission alternatives for both short- and long-haul flights. Recommendations are provided to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050, aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations, specifically SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Gill et al. (Mon,) studied this question.