The Urartians controlled the vast area around Van, Sivan and Urmia lakes during 9th to the early of the 6th hundred BC. They were able to extend their small kingdom to a vast empire and became a great opponent of the Assyrian Empire. This strong state relied on a strong military, strong fortifications, and specific military equipment.
Nasrin Khawkaram Awlhamid (Wed,) studied this question.