A conceptual model for inclusive lending through fintech innovations: Expanding SME access to capital in the U.S.

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are crucial in driving economic growth. Nevertheless, many face significant challenges in accessing capital, particularly those in underserved segments. This review paper proposes a conceptual model that leverages financial technologies (fintech) to enhance inclusive lending practices for SMEs in the U.S. The model integrates digital lending platforms, blockchain technology, and AI-driven credit scoring to streamline loan processes, increase transparency, and develop more accurate assessments of SME creditworthiness. Key regulatory considerations, technological infrastructure requirements, and user adoption strategies are discussed, offering a comprehensive roadmap for implementing fintech innovations to expand SME access to financial services. The broader implications of this model for SMEs, financial institutions, and the economy are explored, highlighting its potential to promote economic growth and financial inclusion. The paper suggests future research directions, including exploring additional fintech innovations and refining regulatory frameworks to support these advancements.