The Search For Ethnic Citizenship Differentiated From the Quechuas and Aymaras in Puno

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the search for differentiated ethnic citizenship of the Quechua and Aymara peoples in Puno. It seeks to understand the struggle for recognition and social justice. Theoretical Framework: It is based on the study of the socio-cultural and political movements of indigenous peoples, analyzing the tensions between the collective indigenous and individual values of Eurocentric citizenship, constructed from the political and legal perspective of the nation-state, based on the rationality and science of the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century. Method: It is a historical and qualitative approach using in-depth interviews, documentary analysis and participant observation. Results and Discussion: It reveals that the search for a differentiated ethnic citizenship among the Quechua and Aymara in Puno faces a homogenizing state structure that perpetuates social and cultural exclusion, generating constant contradictions and conflicts. This struggle for ethnic citizenship manifests itself both through culture and through social uprisings against homogenization policies. Research Implications: Implement cross-cutting intercultural policies that promote participation and equal opportunities in decision-making in the local, regional and national agenda through horizontal dialogue. Originality/value: It focuses on a historical and qualitative approach by proposing intercultural policies that promote cultural diversity through horizontal dialogue, confronting internal colonialism and promoting intercultural and differentiated citizenship.