Influence of Gut and Lung Microbiota and the Gut-Lung Axis on Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), also known as neonatal chronic lung disease, is a common respiratory disease in preterm infants. Preterm infants with BPD often exhibit changes in gut and lung microbiota. In recent years, with the development of high-throughput sequencing technology, more and more mechanisms of the gut-lung axis have been confirmed, helping to explore new directions for the treatment of BPD using microecological agents. This paper reviews the roles of gut microbiota, lung microbiota, and the gut-lung axis in the pathogenesis of BPD in preterm infants, providing new research avenues for the prevention and treatment of BPD.