Regulatory factors of ILC2 are therapeutic targets for lung inflammation

Abstract Type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important class of innate immune cells that play a key role in regulating immune responses, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and participating in immune responses induced by inflammatory diseases. In lung inflammation, ILC2s drive the inflammatory response by secreting type 2 cytokines, and have a significant role in tissue repair and the maintenance of barrier function by secreting IL‐9 and antimicrobial peptides. ILC2s activation and function are affected by various regulatory factors, including epithelial‐derived alarmins such as IL‐25, IL‐33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, neurotransmitters, metabolites and hormones. These regulatory factors affect the development and activation of ILC2s through signaling pathways under different pathological conditions. An in‐depth study of regulatory factors is expected to provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of lung inflammation.