Impact of Central Sensitization on Clinical and Functional Aspects of Psoriatic Arthritis

Background/Objectives: Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease characterized by peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, spondylitis and psoriasis. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence of central sensitization (CS) and its impact on the clinical and functional aspects of PsA. Methods: Adult patients with PsA according to the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis (CASPAR) criteria were included in this cross-sectional observational study. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was used to assess the presence of CS. The study evaluated the impact of CS on individuals by analyzing many factors including demographic information, laboratory findings, clinical features, disease activity, quality of life, severity of sleeplessness, frequency of depression and anxiety. The patients were categorized into distinct groups based on the existence and intensity of CS, and a comparative analysis was conducted on their respective outcomes. Results: A total of 103 PsA patients with a mean age of 43.2 (SD: 6.7) years and including 42 (40.8%) males were included. The mean CSI score was 45.4 (SD: 15.1), and 67 (65.1%) patients had CS. The logistic regression analysis revealed that the variables Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI), General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) exhibit considerable predictive power in relation to the outcome variable CS (p < 0.05). PASI was observed as the most important variable in predicting CS (OR 9.70 95% CI: 1.52–62.21). Conclusions: CS has demonstrable efficacy in influencing laboratory, clinical, and functional markers among individuals with PsA. When assessing pain sensitivity in these patients, it is important to take into account the presence of CS.