Reinterpreting Heosaengjeon Through the Publicness of Silhak

This study analyzes the differences between Silhak publicness and Confucian publicness through Yeonam Park Ji-won’s Heosaengjeon and explores the reasons why scholars should fulfill their moral duties for the public good. Silhak publicness emphasizes the protection of the socially vulnerable, alleviation of inequalities, practical use of knowledge, and resolution of societal problems. By contrast, Confucian publicness focuses on the moral cultivation and moral legitimacy of the state, primarily emphasizing the role of the ruling class. On the other hand, Silhak publicness prioritizes minbon (people-first) ideology and economic equality, valuing the welfare of all members of society. In Heosaengjeon, Heosaeng uses the profits from his commercial activities to aid the socially disadvantaged, exemplifying Silhak publicness in action. His ac tions are interpreted as efforts to promote public welfare through economic success while also contributing to the fulfillment of his moral duties. However, Heosaeng’s commercial practices, such as market manipulation, raise ethical concerns, high lighting a tension between commercial success and moral responsibility. This study examines this tension and raises questions about whether Heosaeng’s actions can be morally justified as a means of addressing social issues. By recon sidering the role of scholars through the concept of Silhak publicness, this study addresses the structural problems and solutions in late Joseon society. It confirms that Silhak publicness focuses on protecting the socially vulnerable, addressing inequalities, and realizing the common good for all members of society.