Livestock Feeding Practices in South Kivu, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract Livestock production in South Kivu is a major source of rural income. Increasing livestock productivity through improved livestock feeding is critical to alleviating poverty among smallholder farmers. The study aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for improving livestock productivity in South Kivu. It assesses the availability and use of feeds for livestock in Kabare, Uvira and Walungu. Current feeding practices are traditional, resulting in suboptimal animal nutrition. Livestock diets consist mainly of fodder and crop residues. Different botanical families provide essential fodder for livestock in the region. Disparities in forage availability affect animal nutrition and productivity, requiring targeted interventions. Additionally, a comprehensive SWOT and NOISE analysis were conducted to assess the current state and potential approaches for improving livestock feeding practices. Strengths include farmers' expertise and strategies to cope with forage scarcity, particularly in the dry season. Weaknesses include limited land tenure and limited adoption of intensive systems. Opportunities include diversification of food sources and farmer training. Challenges include climate variability and socioeconomic constraints. Proposed improvements focus on feed quality, nutritional supplements, and training. Strategic actions include policy advocacy and community involvement. Exceptions highlight the importance of tailoring practices to local contexts.