Epidemiology of orthopedic injuries among inpatients admitted at a tertiary teaching and referral hospital in Kenya: a retrospective cross-sectional study

Orthopedic injuries are serious and continue to be a concern for healthcare systems worldwide. Approximately 90% of the estimated traumatic injuries occur in low- and middle-income countries. In Kenya, there is a dearth of information on orthopedic injury patterns that could be used to prioritize injury prevention measures and to help hospital management teams allocate resources appropriately. The purpose of this study was to determine the epidemiology of orthopedic injuries admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital. This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Overall, 720 charts were reviewed. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution, pearson chi-square test and logistic regression. Overall, 85% were aged 15–64 years. Approximately 80% were male, married or single. Patients with primary or secondary education composed 72%. Road traffic accidents (59.4%) and falls (24.7%) were the most common mechanisms of injury. A total of 99.9% of the inpatients were Kenyans. Open injuries were 40.1%. Lower limb (67.4%) and upper limb (26.9%) injuries were the most common. Inpatients aged 15–24 years were 74% less likely to have upper limb injuries than those aged 0–14 years (p = 0.023). However, those aged 15–24 years were 19.250 times more likely to have spine injuries than those aged 0–14 years (p = 0.008). Males were 68.6% and 51.2% less likely to have pelvic injury and comorbidities, respectively, than females (p < 0.001). Patients with secondary and tertiary education were 2.016 (p = 0.003) and 2.3 (p < 0.001) times more likely to have upper limb injuries, respectively, than those with no or preschool education. Similarly, those with tertiary education were 2.079 times more likely to have comorbidities than those with no or preschool education (p = 0.017). Most of the inpatients with orthopedic injuries were young, male involved in Road traffic accidents and therefore Kenya National Transport and Safety Authority needs to enforce road safety measures to reduce road carnage. Those with higher education and children were more likely to have upper limb injuries. Females were more likely to have pelvic injuries and co-morbidities. Lower and upper limb injuries were the most common injuries and this should guide resource allocation in management of orthopedic injuries.