The Role of 25-OH Vitamin D in Alzheimer's Disease through Mendelian Randomization and MRI

The mechanism underlying the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and minerals (serum calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc), vitamins (25-OH vitamin D, vitamin A1 retinol, B9 folic acid, B12, C) is unclear. In a two-step Mendelian randomization analysis, the association between positive nutritional elements and 3935 MRI phenotypes was examined, and the mediation proportion was calculated. Horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity of Mendelian randomisation were assessed using MR-Egger, Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO. 25-OH vitamin D (p = 0. 0019, OR = 0. 6179, 95% CI = 0. 4562-0. 8368, IVW) is negatively associated with AD among 10 nutrients. The mediation proportion of the effect of vitamin D on AD mediated by IDPdMRITBSSL3Superiorfronto-occipitalfasciculusL was approximately 7. 08%. Our results support 25-OH vitamin D as a causal protective factor for Alzheimer disease. It was found that the Superiorfronto-occipitalfasciculusL may play a minimal mediating role.