Methods of speech manipulation of factual and logical levels in information and analytical texts of English-language media

The purpose of the study is to identify the main types of manipulative effects of the actual and logical levels and ways to implement them in English–language information and analytical articles. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it defines the methods of speech manipulation of these types, which are actively used by the authors of information and analytical materials at the present time, describes speech techniques and linguistic means of implementing these methods of manipulative influence. As a result of the study, it was found that the hidden impact on the audience is carried out by distorting information through the use of speech techniques for interpreting quotations, mixing fact and opinion, imposing presupposition, labeling, exaggerating/downplaying the significance of the events and phenomena described, deforming the information reported; selecting information according to the chosen line of presentation of events; omission (blocking) information, not corresponding to the position of the journalist; such paralogical techniques as an unsubstantiated statement, the reception of complex equivalence, identification with a negatively evaluated social group, programming nomination, and making illegal analogies. The implementation of these types of manipulative influence is ensured by the use of a variety of linguistic means, an important place among which is occupied by means that contribute to the creation of an emotional and evaluative component of the text.