Comparison of different modeling approaches and their influence on the dynamic calculation of four single-span railway bridges

Various approaches to mechanical modeling are available in practice to calculate the dynamic response of railway bridges under high-speed traffic, differing significantly in their complexity and accuracy. Very simple models often overestimate the vibrations occurring in reality but are much more computationally efficient and dependent on only a few input parameters than more complex and accurate models. Modeling the high-speed train as a multi-body system can represent the beneficial vehicle-bridge interaction, but it requires knowledge of numerous vehicle parameters, which manufacturers rarely disclose. In contrast, the track-bridge interaction can also be depicted by a simple coupling beam modeling of the structure, requiring only a few input parameters representing the dynamic stiffness and damping of the track. Several calculations on different single-span steel girder bridges demonstrate the influence of different model variants and input parameters on the acceleration results of the structure. Additionally, an approach for determining a dynamic distribution of the train axle loads affecting the bridge depending on the assumed vertical track stiffness is presented.