Probing Tumor Heterogeneity in Mouse Glioblastoma with Dynamic Glucose-Enhanced Deuterium Metabolic Imaging

Dynamic glucose-enhanced deuterium MRS (DGE 2H-MRS) coupled with Marchenko-Pastur PCA (MPPCA) denoising has been recently applied to immunocompetent mouse glioblastoma subtypes (GL261 and CT2A), demonstrating the ability to measure glucose metabolism through glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidation non-invasively, and its association with tumor proliferation. Here, we extend this approach to DGE Deuterium Metabolic Imaging (DGE-DMI) coupled with tensor MPPCA (tMPPCA) denoising, to map glucose fluxes in the same mouse models of glioblastoma. Our results demonstrate a strong association between glycolytic rates and MRI and histologic features of inter/intra-tumor heterogeneity.