Profiling the multifaceted identities among multilingual Tibetan college students learning Chinese and English in Xizang

Language identity has a significant effect on language learning. However, the complex and multifaceted language identities of multilingual learners, especially those from ethnic minority groups such as Tibetan learners in China, remain underexplored. Using Q methodology, this study examined the construction of Chinese, English, and multilingual identities among 48 Tibetan students (25 English majors, 23 non-English majors) studying at a college in Xizang. Five distinct identity profiles emerged: two for the English majors and three for the non-English majors. The results revealed Tibetan students' strong identification with Chinese and pragmatic views of English and multilingual competencies, especially in terms of career advancement. Further, some students from both groups constructed a general multilingual identity beyond any individual language, in contrast to some non-English majors, who had a more passive outlook toward English and multilingualism due to limited confidence and/or interest in language learning. The findings underscore the need for nuanced language education strategies tailored to diverse identity profiles. The implications of enhancing multilingual education in Xizang and other similar contexts are provided.