Sanqi oral solution ameliorates renal fibrosis by suppressing fibroblast activation via HIF-1α/PKM2/glycolysis pathway in chronic kidney disease

Sanqi oral solution (SQ) is a traditional Chinese patent medicine, widely used to treat chronic kidney diseases (CKD) in the clinic in China. Previous studies have confirmed its anti-renal fibrosis effect, but the specific pharmacological mechanism is still unclear.