Impact of Seasonal Weather Variations on Physical Attributes of Robusta Coffee Beans

Background: Robusta coffee is a type of cultivated agricultural commodity. It is grown to produce high-quality coffee. The weather conditions have a significant impact on the characteristics of green coffee beans, such as their aroma and taste. As a result, fluctuations in weather conditions can affect the quality of the final product. Methods: This study assessed Robusta coffee beans¢physical properties and defects in southern Thailand. The characteristics of green coffee beans and the weather variations of the southern peninsula were observed. Result: It was found that significantly different proportions of normal, pea berry and defective coffee beans were found across geographical regions. In areas with high rainy days and total rainfall, full black disorder had a higher incidence (16.46%) of defective coffee beans. Additionally, the geometric mean diameter (GMD) and surface area of green coffee beans had a significant positive correlation with minimum temperature (Tmin) after the 6-to 9-month period of fruit setting. This study indicates that recent weather variations have had a significant impact on the characteristics and quality of Robusta green beans. The improvement of green coffee bean practices to achieve high-quality Robusta beans in response to pre-harvest weather conditions should be further investigated.