A framework for analyzing seawater intrusion in coastal areas: An adapted GALDIT model application for Espírito Santo, Brazil

This article introduces the GALDITE methodology, an adaptation of GALDIT used to assess seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. GALDITE incorporates a new parameter (E) focusing on groundwater exploitation through artesian wells, previously overlooked in GALDIT. The methodology evaluates vulnerability using parameters like aquifer type, hydraulic conductivity, distance to coastline, and now groundwater extraction impact. Statistical validation using Barreiras aquifer data confirms the effectiveness of (E) in enhancing model accuracy. Sensitivity analysis highlights the parameter's significant influence on overall vulnerability assessment. The results indicate that the key impact zones identified include the downstream regions of the São Mateus, Doce, and Itabapoana rivers, as well as the municipality of Vitória, highlighting the applicability of GALDITE. The utility of GALDITE in managing coastal water resources, enhancing governance, and guiding sustainable strategies is emphasized, particularly in the face of increasing seawater intrusion risks exacerbated by intensive groundwater extraction. This study underscores the necessity of integrating groundwater exploitation into aquifer vulnerability assessments for effective coastal water management.