A Rare Case of Hereditary Ichthyosis: Case Report

Hereditary ichthyosis is a group of genetic skin disorders characterized by dry, scaly skin. These conditions vary widely in severity and are often classified based on genetic and clinical features. We report a case of a 17-year-old African male who has had dry and scaly skin since birth, progressively worsening with itching, scaling, and ulcerations despite having no family history of similar skin issues. Clinical examination revealed extensive hyperkeratotic plaques characterized by significant thickening of the stratum corneum, rough and dry scaly skin, and lichenification, indicating chronic rubbing or scratching. There are areas of erythema and fissuring within the hyperkeratotic regions along with secondary bacterial infection and changes in skin tone affecting his entire skin while sparing only the palms, soles, and face. A diagnosis of hereditary ichthyosis was made based on these clinical findings, supported by a skin biopsy showing benign acanthomatous features. Treatment included the use of emollients, keratolytic agents, and retinoids to alleviate symptoms. Regular follow-up appointments were scheduled to monitor progress and adjust treatment if necessary, resulting in significant improvement over time. This case highlights the importance of thorough clinical assessments and skin biopsies in confirming diagnoses when genetic testing is not available.