Ethical aspects of gene editing in biology and medicine

This article analyses the complex moral issues that arise in the context of the use of modern genetic engineering technologies to alter genetic information in humans and other organisms. The focus is on issues of safety, justice, respect for human dignity, acceptability of gene editing, general access to gene editing technologies by population, regardless of class, race, social origin, and implications for the environment and biodiversity. The article places great emphasis on bioethical issues concerning the possible adverse effects of gene editing, such as eugenics. proper informed consent by the patient and other important bioethical dilemmas. These aspects of the issue under inquiry are of particular importance in modern society and scientific community due to the influence of such philosophical movements as transhumanism and posthumanism, which propose radical changes in humanity towards the creation of ‘superhumans’, who know neither pain, death nor suffering. In addition, the article emphasises the need for a reasoned and responsible approach to gene editing, taking into account high ethical and legal standards, to ensure that the field develops for the benefit of human beings and society.