The Climatological Perspective of Remote Rainfall Events Triggered by the Northeasterly Wind and the Outer Circulation of Typhoon in Taiwan

Abstract The climate characteristics of remote rainfall events in Taiwan from September to February over 41 years (1980–2020) are studied. These events are induced by the interaction between the northeasterly flow and the typhoon's outer circulation. Our findings reveal that rainfall in northeastern Taiwan becomes more prominent when tropical cyclones move to the remote rainfall‐prone area, located in the north Philippine area to the northern South China Sea, and when the background northeasterly wind speed exceeds 7 m s −1 . Under these criteria, the confluence of the typhoon's outer circulation and the northeasterly flow creates a convergence area that enhances rainfall in northeastern Taiwan, increasing the occurrence of moderate to extreme rainfall (ER) events. This leads to an average enhancement in rainfall amount of 80–220 mm per day. Additionally, when typhoons are in the remote rainfall‐prone area, there is a greater than 20% chance for events with maximum rainfall over 200 mm day −1 to occur, particularly in the region of 20°–22°N, 116°−124°E, and north to Luzon Island. In this area, the occurrence rate can exceed more than a 45% chance. The highest risk of ER events occurs between 20°–22°N and 118°−120°E, with a probability of over 90%. Notably, the convergence area for the Taiwan cases does not necessarily coincide with the baroclinic forcing as that associated with remote rainfall events observed in Japan, Korea, and North America.