The Existence of the Hadith Genre in Islamic Literature: Analysis of the Relevance of the Concept of Sunnahs and the Book of Takhrīj

The existence of various genres of hadith in Islamic literature is evidence of the urgency of hadith in the field of Islamic scholarship. The need for understanding and attitude in the phenomenon of the literature, namely the purpose so that the dynamics of the concept, pattern, selection of hadith in a work can be read in its direction and become the initial basis so that there is no justification of the cited hadith either justifying or blaming it. There are two points of the author's analysis, namely: first, how the genre of hadith developed in Islamic literature before the golden age of hadith tadwīn and after its golden age; second, how the socio-historical genre of hadith developed. Departing from the formulation of the problem, this study uses qualitative analysis with library research and uses several supporting sources in its analysis. The results of this study found two major points: there is a diversity of hadith genres in Islamic literature such as in the field of interpretation as a support for arguments which initially still mixed the words of the Prophet with the opinions of companions and fatwas of the tabiin to be more systematic with the same function, in this case there is a relevance of Fazrur Rahman's sunnah-hadith concept; there is an adjustment of hadith genres in Islamic literature with consideration of the needs of the community as well as the function of hadith in certain scientific fields, such as the field of fiqh which sometimes contains a compilation of several hadith. Ragam cara ulama menuliskan hadis dalam karyanya mengindikasikan keberadaan tujuan dan motivasi khusus atas pemilihan periwayatan hadis dalam literatur Islam. Artikel ini meneliti dinamika periwayatan hadis tersebut secara historis dan tematik. Terdapat dua fokus yang diungkap artikel ini, yaitu fase periodisasi perkembangan periwayatan hadis pra-tadw ī n hadis dan pasca-tadw ī n; serta pola dan dampak pemilihan periwayatan pada setiap periode. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis kualitatif dengan sumber data pustaka (library research). Hasilnya, diketahui bahwa terdapat tiga masa (tiga jenis kebutuhan masyarakat) terhadap pengetahuan keagamaan yang menjadi pertimbangan pemilihan periwayatan hadis dalam literatur Islam. Dalam tiga masa tersebut, penulisan hadis di suatu bidang ilmu mengalami kecenderungan yang beragam dan berkembang. Seperti bidang tafsir yang menjadikan hadis sebagai pendukung argumentasi dengan mencampurkan sabda Nabi dengan pendapat sahabat maupun fatwa tābi'īn, kemudian berkembang menjadi lebih sistematis dengan fungsi yang sama. Perkembangan yang ada menunjukkan bahwa terdapat penyesuaian periwayatan hadis dalam literatur Islam dengan mempertimbangkan kebutuhan masyarakat serta fungsi hadis pada bidang keilmuan tertentu.