Slope Stability Analysis of Rockfill Embankments Considering Stress-Dependent Spatial Variability in Friction Angle of Granular Materials

Slope stability is a major safety concern of rockfill embankments. Since rockfills are incohesive materials, only friction angle is considered as a shear strength parameter in the slope stability analysis of rockfill embankments. Recently, it was found that confining pressure can significantly affect the mean value and variance of the friction angle of rockfills. Since the confining pressure spatially varies within a rockfill embankment, the effect of stress-dependent spatial variability in the friction angle of rockfills should be investigated for slope stability evaluation of rockfill embankments. In the framework of the Limit Equilibrium Method (LEM), an approach is proposed for the slope stability analysis of rockfill embankments considering the stress-dependent spatial variability in the friction angle. The safety factors of slope stability are computed with variable values of the friction angle at the bases of slices which are determined by the stress-dependent mean value and variance of the friction angle of rockfills. The slope stability of a homogeneous rockfill embankment is analyzed to illustrate the proposed approach, and a parametric analysis is carried out to explore the effect of variation in the parameters of the variance function of friction angle on slope stability. The illustrative example demonstrates that the stress-dependent spatial variability of friction angle along the slip surface is obvious and is affected by the location of the slip surface and the loading condition. The effects of the stress-dependent spatial variability of the friction angle on the slope stability of high rockfill embankments should be considered.