Coverage Probability Analysis for Uplink/Downlink Decoupled Access in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Cellular networks are evolving into wireless heterogeneous networks with various types of base stations (BSs) including macro base stations and femto base stations. Since the traditional coupled access method is not able to meet the communication needs of the current users, uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) decoupled access is proposed, which refers that the BS selected in UL is unnecessarily the same as in DL. We commence by deriving the association probabilities for UL and DL decoupled access. Subsequently, we derive explicit analytical expressions for the joint distance distribution. Leveraging the tools of stochastic geometry, we obtain precise formulas for the coverage probabilities. Furthermore, we investigate the influence of the path loss exponent on the network performance. To validate the efficacy of our proposed analytical framework, we conduct extensive Monte Carlo simulations