Multimorbidity, lifestyle, and cognitive function: A cross-cultural study on the role of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases

The effect of lifestyle factors on cognitive function related to four major noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) including diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, and the relationship between these NCDs and cognitive function have not been fully studied. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal associations between these NCDs and cognitive function in middle-aged and older people, and the combined effects of lifestyle factors.