Quantification of inherent energy efficient features in historic buildings under hot and humid conditions

Energy retrofits of historic buildings can potentially reduce energy consumption but encounter challenges due to their unique physical characteristics and high cultural value. A careful assessment of the inherent energy efficient features of these buildings ensures the necessary balance between energy optimization and historic preservation. This can particularly be challenging in severe climates, such as hot and humid regions, as energy demands are significant during cooling season, and extreme weather conditions can accelerate the deterioration of historic buildings. This study identifies inherent energy efficient features in a historic structure in a hot and humid region, San Antonio, Texas, USA, and quantifies their impact on potentially cooling the building using energy simulations. The results demonstrate that existing shading devices effectively reduce indoor temperatures and cooling loads while minimally increasing relative humidity. Large windows lead to higher temperatures but improve air circulation, resulting in lower relative humidity. High ceilings generally lower indoor temperatures, but their impact varies with outdoor temperatures. Finally, replacing wood with high thermal mass materials like limestone or brick reduces temperature and enhances thermal comfort. The methodology developed in this study provides valuable insights for planning successful retrofits of historic buildings, especially for those under hot and humid conditions.