Repurposing GnRH-A as a Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Diagnosis and Surgical Navigation of Breast Cancer Tumors and Metastases

Breast cancer, globally the most common cancer in women, presents significant challenges in treatment. Breast-conserving surgery (BCS), a less traumatic and painful alternative to radical mastectomy, not only preserves the breast's appearance but also supports postsurgical functional recovery. However, accurately identifying tumors, precisely delineating margins, and thoroughly removing metastases remain complex surgical challenges, exacerbated by the limitations of current imaging techniques, including poor tumor uptake and low signal contrast. Addressing these challenges, our study developed a series of GnRHR-targeted probes (YQGN-